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<title>Dimethyl ether</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethyl ether</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Dimethoxyethane" title="Dimethoxyethane">dimethoxyethane</a>.</div>

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<caption>Dimethyl ether

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a>

<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Methoxymethane<sup id="cite_ref-iupac2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names

<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Dimethyl ether<sup id="cite_ref-iupac2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>R-E170<br>Demeon<br>Dimethyl oxide<br>Dymel A<br>Methyl ether<br> Methyl oxide<br>Mether<br>Wood ether</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div>

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=115-10-6">115-10-6</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=COC">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div>

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<td>Abbreviations

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<td>DME

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Beilstein_database" title="Beilstein database">Beilstein Reference</a></div>

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<td>1730743

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<td><a href="ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=28887">CHEBI:28887</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div>

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<td><a href="ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL119178">ChEMBL119178</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div>

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<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>

</td>

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<td><a href="ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a>

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<td><a href="European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a>

</td>

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</td>

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<td><span title="www.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Dimethyl+ether">Dimethyl+ether</a></span>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div>

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<td><a href="RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a>

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</td>

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<td><a href="UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a>

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<td>1033

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8026937">DTXSID8026937</a> </span></li></ul></div>

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<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div>

<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-3-2/h1-2H3<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-3-2/h1-2H3</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYAU</div></div></li></ul>

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<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div>

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<td><a href="Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a>

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<td>Appearance

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<td>Colorless gas

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<td>Ethereal<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Density" title="Density">Density</a>

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<td>2.1146 kg m<sup>−3</sup> (gas, 0 °C, 1013 mbar)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>0.735 g/mL (liquid, −25 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a>

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<td>−141 °C; −222 °F; 132 K

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<td><a href="Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a>

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<td>−24 °C; −11 °F; 249 K

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div>

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<td>71 g/L (at 20 °C (68 °F))

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<td>0.022

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<td><a href="Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Magnetic susceptibility</a> (χ)</div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Dipole#Molecular_dipoles" title="Dipole">Dipole moment</a></div>

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<td>1.30 D

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>C</i>)</span></div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of<br>formation</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Standard_enthalpy_change_of_combustion" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of combustion">Std enthalpy of<br>combustion</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>c</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Hazards

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div>

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<td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div>

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<td><b>Danger</b>

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<td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div>

</td>

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<td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div>

</td>

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<td><a href="NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond)

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<td><a href="Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a>

</td>

<td>−41 °C (−42 °F; 232 K)

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Autoignition_temperature" title="Autoignition temperature">Autoignition<br>temperature</a></div>

</td>

<td>350 °C (662 °F; 623 K)

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Explosive_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive limit">Explosive limits</a>

</td>

<td>27 %

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS)

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=GB&language=en&productNumber=295299&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F295299%3Flang%3Den">≥99% Sigma-Aldrich</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Related compounds

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related <a href="Ether" title="Ether">ethers</a></div>

</td>

<td><a href="Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">Diethyl ether</a><br>

<p><a href="Polyethylene_glycol" title="Polyethylene glycol">Polyethylene glycol</a>

</p>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related compounds</div>

</td>

<td><a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a><br>

<p><a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a>

</p>

</td></tr>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div>

<div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink nourlexpansion"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=438473541&page2=Dimethyl+ether">verify</a></span> (what is <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?)

</div></div>

<div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;">Infobox references</div>

</td></tr>

</tbody></table>

<p><b>Dimethyl ether</b> (<b>DME</b>; also known as <b>methoxymethane</b>) is the <a href="Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compound</a> with the formula CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>,

(sometimes ambiguously simplified to C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O as it is an <a href="Isomer" title="Isomer">isomer</a> of <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>). The simplest <a href="Ether" title="Ether">ether</a>, it is a colorless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that is currently being demonstrated for use in a variety of fuel applications.

</p><p>Dimethyl ether was first synthesised by <a href="Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a> and <a href="Eugene_P%C3%A9ligot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Péligot">Eugene Péligot</a> in 1835 by distillation of methanol and sulfuric acid.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div>

<p>Approximately 50,000 tons were produced in 1985 in Western Europe by <a href="Dehydration_reaction" title="Dehydration reaction">dehydration</a> of <a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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</style><span class="chemf nowrap">2 CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>OH → (CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></dd></dl>

<p>The required methanol is obtained from synthesis gas (<a href="Syngas" title="Syngas">syngas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ChemSystems_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSystems-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other possible improvements call for a dual catalyst system that permits both methanol synthesis and dehydration in the same process unit, with no methanol isolation and purification.<sup id="cite_ref-ChemSystems_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSystems-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Both the one-step and two-step processes above are commercially available. The two-step process is relatively simple and start-up costs are relatively low. A one-step liquid-phase process is in development.<sup id="cite_ref-ChemSystems_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSystems-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_biomass">From biomass</h3></div>

<p>Dimethyl ether is a synthetic <a href="Second_generation_biofuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Second generation biofuel">second generation biofuel</a> (BioDME), which can be produced from <a href="Lignocellulosic_biomass" title="Lignocellulosic biomass">lignocellulosic biomass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The EU is considering BioDME in its potential biofuel mix in 2030;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be made from <a href="Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> or <a href="Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> from animal, food, and agricultural waste,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even from <a href="Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> or <a href="Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a> Group is the coordinator for the <a href="European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> <a href="Seventh_Framework_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Framework Programme">Seventh Framework Programme</a> project BioDME<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where <a href="Chemrec" title="Chemrec">Chemrec</a>'s BioDME pilot plant is based on <a href="Black_liquor" title="Black liquor">black liquor</a> <a href="Gasification" title="Gasification">gasification</a> in <a href="Pite%C3%A5" title="Piteå">Piteå</a>, <a href="Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>The largest use of dimethyl ether is as the feedstock for the production of the methylating agent, <a href="Dimethyl_sulfate" title="Dimethyl sulfate">dimethyl sulfate</a>, which entails its reaction with <a href="Sulfur_trioxide" title="Sulfur trioxide">sulfur trioxide</a>:

</p>

<p>Dimethyl ether can also be converted into <a href="Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> using <a href="Carbonylation" title="Carbonylation">carbonylation</a> technology related to the <a href="Monsanto_acetic_acid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsanto acetic acid process">Monsanto acetic acid process</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboratory_reagent_and_solvent">Laboratory reagent and solvent</h3></div>

<p>Dimethyl ether is a low-temperature solvent and extraction agent, applicable to specialised laboratory procedures. Its usefulness is limited by its low <a href="Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling point</a> (−23 °C (−9 °F)), but the same property facilitates its removal from reaction mixtures. Dimethyl ether is the precursor to the useful <a href="Alkylating_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkylating agent">alkylating agent</a>, <a href="Trimethyloxonium_tetrafluoroborate" title="Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate">trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niche_applications">Niche applications</h3></div>

<p>A mixture of dimethyl ether and <a href="Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> is used in some over-the-counter "<a href="Freeze_spray" title="Freeze spray">freeze spray</a>" products to treat <a href="Wart" title="Wart">warts</a> by <a href="Cryosurgery" title="Cryosurgery">freezing them</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this role, it has supplanted halocarbon compounds (<a href="Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a>).

</p><p>Dimethyl ether is also a component of certain high temperature <a href="MAPP_gas" title="MAPP gas">"Map-Pro"</a> blowtorch gas blends, supplanting the use of <a href="Methyl_acetylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl acetylene">methyl acetylene</a> and <a href="Propadiene" title="Propadiene">propadiene</a> mixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-MAP-Plus_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAP-Plus-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Dimethyl ether is also used as a propellant in aerosol products. Such products include hair spray, bug spray and some aerosol glue products.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div>

<p>A potentially major use of dimethyl ether is as substitute for <a href="Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> in <a href="Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a> used as fuel in household and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dimethyl ether can also be used as a blendstock in propane <a href="Autogas" title="Autogas">autogas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It is also a promising fuel in <a href="Diesel_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel engines">diesel engines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Gas_turbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas turbines">gas turbines</a>. For diesel engines, an advantage is the high <a href="Cetane_number" title="Cetane number">cetane number</a> of 55, compared to that of <a href="Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a> from petroleum, which is 40–53.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only moderate modifications are needed to convert a diesel engine to burn dimethyl ether. The simplicity of this short carbon chain compound leads to very low emissions of particulate matter during combustion. For these reasons as well as being sulfur-free, dimethyl ether meets even the most stringent emission regulations in Europe (<a href="European_emission_standards" title="European emission standards">EURO5</a>), U.S. (U.S. 2010), and Japan (2009 Japan).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At the <a href="Shell_Eco-marathon" title="Shell Eco-marathon">European Shell Eco Marathon</a>, an unofficial World Championship for mileage, vehicle running on 100 % dimethyl ether drove 589 km/L (169.8 cm<sup>3</sup>/100 km), fuel equivalent to gasoline with a 50 cm<sup>3</sup> displacement 2-stroke engine. As well as winning they beat the old standing record of 306 km/liter (326.8 cm<sup>3</sup>/100 km), set by the same team in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>To study the dimethyl ether for the combustion process a chemical kinetic mechanism<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is required which can be used for Computational fluid dynamics calculation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</h3></div>

<p>Dimethyl ether is a <a href="Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a> with <a href="ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a> refrigerant designation R-E170. It is also used in refrigerant blends with e.g. <a href="Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>, <a href="Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="Butane" title="Butane">butane</a> and <a href="Propene" class="mw-redirect" title="Propene">propene</a>.

Dimethyl ether was the first refrigerant. In 1876, the French engineer <a href="Charles_Tellier" title="Charles Tellier">Charles Tellier</a> bought the ex-Elder-Dempster a 690 tons cargo ship <i>Eboe</i> and fitted a methyl-ether <a href="Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">refrigerating</a> plant of his design. The ship was renamed <i>Le Frigorifique</i> and successfully imported a cargo of refrigerated meat from <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. However the machinery could be improved and in 1877 another refrigerated ship called <i>Paraguay</i> with a refrigerating plant improved by <a href="Ferdinand_Carr%C3%A9" title="Ferdinand Carré">Ferdinand Carré</a> was put into service on the South American run.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASHRAE_refrigerants_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASHRAE_refrigerants-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2></div>

<p>Unlike other alkyl ethers, dimethyl ether resists <a href="Autoxidation" title="Autoxidation">autoxidation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dimethyl ether is also relatively non-toxic, although it is highly flammable. On July 28, 1948, a <a href="BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> factory in <a href="Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> suffered an explosion after 30 tonnes of dimethyl ether leaked from a tank and ignited in the air. 200 people died, and a third of the industrial plant was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_sheet">Data sheet</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Routes_to_produce_dimethyl_ether">Routes to produce dimethyl ether</h3></div>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vapor_pressure">Vapor pressure</h3></div>

<caption>Experimental vapor pressures of dimethyl ether<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</caption>

<th>Temperature (K)</th>

<th>Pressure (kPa)

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>54.61

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>68.49

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>85.57

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>105.59

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>129.42

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>157.53

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>190.44

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>228.48

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>272.17

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>321.87

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>378.66

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>443.57

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>515.53

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>596.21

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>687.37

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>726.26

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>787.07

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>897.59

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>968.55

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>1018.91

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>1152.35

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>1298.23

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>1457.76

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>1631.01

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2022.45

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2242.74

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2243.07

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2479.92

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2735.67

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3010.81

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3305.67

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3962.25

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>4331.48

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>4725.02

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>5146.82

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Methanol_economy" title="Methanol economy">Methanol economy</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126124645/http://aboutdme.org/">The International DME Association</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xtlinstitute.com/">XTL & DME Institute</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Molecules_detected_in_outer_space800" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Molecules detected in outer space</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Diatomic_molecule" title="Diatomic molecule">Diatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aluminium_monochloride" title="Aluminium monochloride">Aluminium monochloride</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium_monofluoride" title="Aluminium monofluoride">Aluminium monofluoride</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium(II)_oxide" title="Aluminium(II) oxide">Aluminium(II) oxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Argonium" title="Argonium">Argonium</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon cation">Carbon cation</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_monophosphide" title="Carbon monophosphide">Carbon monophosphide</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_monosulfide" title="Carbon monosulfide">Carbon monosulfide</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyano_radical" title="Cyano radical">Cyano radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Diatomic_carbon" title="Diatomic carbon">Diatomic carbon</a></li>

<li>Fluoromethylidynium</li>

<li><a href="Helium_hydride_ion" title="Helium hydride ion">Helium hydride ion</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">Hydrogen chloride</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">Hydrogen fluoride</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> (molecular)</li>

<li><a href="Hydroxyl_radical" title="Hydroxyl radical">Hydroxyl radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Imidogen" title="Imidogen">Imidogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">Iron(II) oxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnesium_monohydride" title="Magnesium monohydride">Magnesium monohydride</a></li>

<li><a href="Methylidyne_radical" title="Methylidyne radical">Methylidyne radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> (molecular)</li>

<li><a href="Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> (molecular)</li>

<li><a href="Phosphorus_monoxide" title="Phosphorus monoxide">Phosphorus monoxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Phosphorus_mononitride" title="Phosphorus mononitride">Phosphorus mononitride</a></li>

<li><a href="Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">Potassium chloride</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">Silicon carbide</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_monoxide" title="Silicon monoxide">Silicon monoxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_monosulfide" title="Silicon monosulfide">Silicon monosulfide</a></li>

<li><a href="Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">Sodium chloride</a></li>

<li><a href="Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">Sodium iodide</a></li>

<li><a href="Sulfanyl" title="Sulfanyl">Sulfanyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Sulfur_mononitride" title="Sulfur mononitride">Sulfur mononitride</a></li>

<li><a href="Sulfur_monoxide" title="Sulfur monoxide">Sulfur monoxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Titanium(II)_oxide" title="Titanium(II) oxide">Titanium(II) oxide</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide"></a></span> <br><br><br><br> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol"></a></span> <br><br><br><br> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Triatomic_molecule" title="Triatomic molecule">Triatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aluminium(I)_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium(I) hydroxide">Aluminium(I) hydroxide</a></li>

<li>Aluminium isocyanide</li>

<li><a href="Amino_radical" title="Amino radical">Amino radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbonyl_sulfide" title="Carbonyl sulfide">Carbonyl sulfide</a></li>

<li>CCP radical</li>

<li><a href="Halonium_ion" title="Halonium ion">Chloronium</a></li>

<li><a href="Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">Diazenylium</a></li>

<li><a href="Dicarbon_monoxide" title="Dicarbon monoxide">Dicarbon monoxide</a></li>

<li>Disilicon carbide</li>

<li><a href="Ethynyl_radical" title="Ethynyl radical">Ethynyl radical</a></li>

<li>Formyl radical</li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a> (HCN)</li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a> (HNC)</li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">Hydrogen sulfide</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">Hydroperoxyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Iron(II)_cyanide" title="Iron(II) cyanide">Iron cyanide</a></li>

<li>Isoformyl</li>

<li><a href="Magnesium_cyanide" title="Magnesium cyanide">Magnesium cyanide</a></li>

<li>Magnesium isocyanide</li>

<li><a href="Methylene_(compound)" title="Methylene (compound)">Methylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Methylidynephosphane" title="Methylidynephosphane">Methylidynephosphane</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Ozone" title="Ozone">Ozone</a></li>

<li><a href="Potassium_cyanide" title="Potassium cyanide">Potassium cyanide</a></li>

<li><a href="Sodium_cyanide" title="Sodium cyanide">Sodium cyanide</a></li>

<li><a href="Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">Sodium hydroxide</a></li>

<li>Silicon carbonitride</li>

<li>c-Silicon dicarbide</li>

<li><a href="Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a></li>

<li>Thioformyl</li>

<li><a href="Thioxoethenylidene" title="Thioxoethenylidene">Thioxoethenylidene</a></li>

<li><a href="Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">Titanium dioxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Tricarbon" title="Tricarbon">Tricarbon</a></li>

<li><a href="Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li>

<li><a href="Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Four<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetylene" title="Acetylene">Acetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Cyanoethynyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Interstellar_formaldehyde" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">Fulminic acid</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li>

<li>Hydromagnesium isocyanide</li>

<li><a href="Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">Isocyanic acid</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Isothiocyanic acid</a></li>

<li>Ketenyl</li>

<li><a href="Methyl_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl cation">Methyl cation</a></li>

<li><a href="Methyl_radical" title="Methyl radical">Methyl radical</a></li>

<li>Methylene amidogen</li>

<li><a href="Propynylidyne" title="Propynylidyne">Propynylidyne</a></li>

<li>Protonated carbon dioxide</li>

<li><a href="Protonated_hydrogen_cyanide" title="Protonated hydrogen cyanide">Protonated hydrogen cyanide</a></li>

<li>Silicon tricarbide</li>

<li><a href="Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Thiocyanic acid</a></li>

<li><a href="Thioformaldehyde" title="Thioformaldehyde">Thioformaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Tricarbon_monosulfide" title="Tricarbon monosulfide">Tricarbon monosulfide</a></li>

<li><a href="Tricarbon_monoxide" title="Tricarbon monoxide">Tricarbon monoxide</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Five<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Butadiynyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbodiimide" title="Carbodiimide">Carbodiimide</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanoacetylene" title="Cyanoacetylene">Cyanoacetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanoformaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanoformaldehyde">Cyanoformaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanomethyl" title="Cyanomethyl">Cyanomethyl</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyclopropenylidene" title="Cyclopropenylidene">Cyclopropenylidene</a></li>

<li><a href="Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">Formic acid</a></li>

<li>Isocyanoacetylene</li>

<li><a href="Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li>

<li><a href="Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a></li>

<li><a href="Methoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Methoxy">Methoxy radical</a></li>

<li>Methylenimine</li>

<li>Propadienylidene</li>

<li>Protonated formaldehyde</li>

<li><a href="Silane" title="Silane">Silane</a></li>

<li>Silicon-carbide cluster</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Six<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetonitrile" title="Acetonitrile">Acetonitrile</a></li>

<li>Cyanobutadiynyl radical</li>

<li><a href="Cyclopropenone" title="Cyclopropenone">Cyclopropenone</a></li>

<li><a href="Diacetylene" title="Diacetylene">Diacetylene</a></li>

<li>E-Cyanomethanimine</li>

<li><a href="Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Formamide" title="Formamide">Formamide</a></li>

<li><a href="Ketenimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketenimine">Ketenimine</a></li>

<li><a href="Methanethiol" title="Methanethiol">Methanethiol</a></li>

<li><a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a></li>

<li><a href="Methyl_isocyanide" title="Methyl isocyanide">Methyl isocyanide</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Pentynylidyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Propynal" class="mw-redirect" title="Propynal">Propynal</a></li>

<li>Protonated cyanoacetylene</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Seven<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">Acetaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Acrylonitrile" title="Acrylonitrile">Acrylonitrile</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vinyl_cyanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl cyanide">Vinyl cyanide</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodiacetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">Ethylene oxide</a></li>

<li><a href="Glycolonitrile" title="Glycolonitrile">Glycolonitrile</a></li>

<li><a href="Hexatriynyl_radical" title="Hexatriynyl radical">Hexatriynyl radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">Methyl isocyanate</a></li>

<li><a href="Methylamine" title="Methylamine">Methylamine</a></li>

<li><a href="Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Vinyl_alcohol" title="Vinyl alcohol">Vinyl alcohol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Eight<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a></li>

<li><a href="Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li>

<li><a href="Aminoacetonitrile" title="Aminoacetonitrile">Aminoacetonitrile</a></li>

<li>Cyanoallene</li>

<li><a href="Ethanimine" title="Ethanimine">Ethanimine</a></li>

<li><a href="Glycolaldehyde" title="Glycolaldehyde">Glycolaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Hexapentaenylidene</a></li>

<li><a href="Methyl_formate" title="Methyl formate">Methyl formate</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methylcyanoacetylene</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Nine<br>atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetamide" title="Acetamide">Acetamide</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanohexatriyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethanethiol" title="Ethanethiol">Ethanethiol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyldiacetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="N-Methylformamide" title="N-Methylformamide">N-Methylformamide</a></li>

<li><a href="Octatetraynyl_radical" title="Octatetraynyl radical">Octatetraynyl radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Propene" class="mw-redirect" title="Propene">Propene</a></li>

<li><a href="Propionitrile" title="Propionitrile">Propionitrile</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Ten<br>atoms<br>or more</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acetone" title="Acetone">Acetone</a></li>

<li><a href="Benzene" title="Benzene">Benzene</a></li>

<li><a href="Benzonitrile" title="Benzonitrile">Benzonitrile</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene">Buckminsterfullerene</a> (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>, fullerene, buckyball)</li>

<li><a href="Butyronitrile" title="Butyronitrile">Butyronitrile</a></li>

<li><a href="C70_fullerene" title="C70 fullerene">C<sub>70</sub> fullerene</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodecapentayne</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethyl_formate" title="Ethyl formate">Ethyl formate</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">Ethylene glycol</a></li>

<li>Heptatrienyl radical</li>

<li><a href="Methyl_acetate" title="Methyl acetate">Methyl acetate</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Methyl-cyano-diacetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyltriacetylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Propionaldehyde" title="Propionaldehyde">Propionaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrimidine" title="Pyrimidine">Pyrimidine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterated</a><br>molecules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li>

<li><a href="Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li>

<li><a href="Interstellar_formaldehyde#Interstellar_reactions" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formyl radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">Heavy water</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_deuteride" title="Hydrogen deuteride">Hydrogen deuteride</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a></li>

<li><a href="Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Unconfirmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthracene" title="Anthracene">Anthracene</a></li>

<li><a href="Dihydroxyacetone" title="Dihydroxyacetone">Dihydroxyacetone</a></li>

<li><a href="Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphene" title="Graphene">Graphene</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon" title="Carbon">Linear C<sub>5</sub></a></li>

<li><a href="Methoxyethane" title="Methoxyethane">Methoxyethane</a></li>

<li><a href="Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene">Naphthalene cation</a></li>

<li><a href="Phosphine" title="Phosphine">Phosphine</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrene" title="Pyrene">Pyrene</a></li>

<li><a href="Silylidyne" title="Silylidyne">Silylidyne</a></li></ul>

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<li><a href="Circumstellar_dust" title="Circumstellar dust">Circumstellar dust</a></li>

<li><a href="Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li>

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<li><a href="Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li>

<li><a href="Forbidden_mechanism" title="Forbidden mechanism">Forbidden mechanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Homochirality" title="Homochirality">Homochirality</a></li>

<li><a href="Intergalactic_dust" title="Intergalactic dust">Intergalactic dust</a></li>

<li><a href="Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li>

<li><a href="Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li>

<li><a href="Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_world_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron–sulfur world theory">Iron–sulfur world theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerogen" title="Kerogen">Kerogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecules_in_stars" title="Molecules in stars">Molecules in stars</a></li>

<li><a href="Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">Organic compound</a></li>

<li><a href="Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li>

<li><a href="PAH_world_hypothesis" title="PAH world hypothesis">PAH world hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Photodissociation_region" title="Photodissociation region">Photodissociation region</a></li>

<li><a href="Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon</a> (PAH)</li>

<li><a href="Pseudo-panspermia" title="Pseudo-panspermia">Pseudo-panspermia</a></li>

<li><a href="RNA_world_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA world hypothesis">RNA world hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li></ul>

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